Phacoemulsification is the most widely used modern surgical technique for cataract removal. It involves creating a small incision in the cornea, through which an ultrasonic probe is inserted. This probe emits high-frequency vibrations to break the cloudy natural lens into microscopic fragments, which are then gently aspirated from the eye. After lens removal, an artificial intraocular lens (IOL) is implanted to restore clear vision. Phacoemulsification is a minimally invasive, stitchless procedure performed under local anesthesia, with rapid recovery and minimal discomfort. Most patients experience a significant improvement in vision within a few days.

• Definition: Modern cataract removal method using ultrasound technology.
• Anesthesia: Usually local (eye drops or injection).
• Advantages: Stitchless, minimal discomfort, quick recovery, small incision.
• Anesthesia: Usually performed under local anesthesia (eye drops or injection).
• Recovery time: Vision improvement in 1–3 days; full healing in a few weeks.
• Risks (rare): Infection, swelling, capsule rupture.