Chemical injuries to the eye occur when harmful substances, such as acids or alkalis, come into contact with the ocular surface. These injuries can cause immediate pain, redness, tearing, swelling, and in severe cases, permanent damage to the cornea, conjunctiva, and deeper eye structures. Alkali burns are usually more dangerous than acid burns due to their ability to penetrate tissues rapidly. Immediate and copious irrigation of the eye is the most critical step in management, followed by medical or surgical interventions depending on the extent of damage. Early treatment is essential to prevent vision loss and other long-term complications.

• Caused by contact with harmful acids or alkalis.
• Symptoms include pain, redness, tearing, and swelling.
• Alkali burns are generally more severe than acid burns.
• Immediate irrigation is the first and most crucial treatment step.
• May require medications or surgical repair based on severity.
• Prompt care reduces the risk of vision loss.