Glaucoma is a group of eye disorders characterized by progressive damage to the optic nerve, often associated with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). If left untreated, it can lead to irreversible vision loss and blindness. The most common types include primary open-angle glaucoma and angle-closure glaucoma. Risk factors include age, family history, high eye pressure, and certain medical conditions. Early detection through comprehensive eye examinations is crucial, as glaucoma often develops without noticeable symptoms in the early stages. Treatment options include medications, laser therapy, and surgery to lower IOP and protect the optic nerve.

• Definition: Eye disease causing optic nerve damage, often due to high IOP.
• Risk Factors: Age > 40, family history, diabetes, high eye pressure, long-term steroid use.
• Diagnosis: Tonometry (IOP measurement), optic nerve examination, visual field test, OCT scan.
• Prevention: Regular eye check-ups, especially after age 40.